Prime Numbers

In a Nutshell

A prime number has exactly two factors: 1 and itself. Every whole number greater than 1 can be written as a product of primes.

The first few prime numbers are 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, \ldots Notice that 2 is the only even prime. Every other even number can be divided by 2, so it has more than two factors.

Any whole number greater than 1 that is not prime is called composite. You can break a composite number down into prime factors using a factor tree. Pick any factor pair, split the number, and keep going until every branch ends at a prime.

The diagram below builds a factor tree for you. Try entering 60 to see how 60=2×2×3×560 = 2 \times 2 \times 3 \times 5.

Prime factor tree An interactive factor tree that breaks a number down into its prime factors.

Watch it work

Question: Write 180 as a product of its prime factors.

Have a go

Q1. Is 51 a prime number? Explain.

Q2. Write 72 as a product of its prime factors.

Q3. Write 100 as a product of its prime factors.

Q4. List all the prime numbers between 30 and 50.