Collecting Like Terms

In a Nutshell

Like terms have the same letter part — group them together and add or subtract the coefficients.

Like terms are terms that have exactly the same variable part. For example, 3x3x and 5x5x are like terms, but 3x3x and 3y3y are not.

To simplify an expression, collect the like terms by adding or subtracting their coefficients:

3x+5x=8x3x + 5x = 8x

Think of it like grouping objects: 3 apples plus 5 apples is 8 apples. Constants (plain numbers) are also like terms with each other.

4x+2y+3xy=7x+y4x + 2y + 3x - y = 7x + y
Algebra tiles Algebra tiles showing the expression 3x + 4: 3 x-tiles and 4 unit tiles. x x x 1 1 1 1 3x + 4

Use the algebra tiles to visualise an expression. The tall tiles represent xx and the small squares represent units. Try different combinations to see the simplified expression.

Watch it work

Question: Simplify 5a+3b2a+4b5a + 3b - 2a + 4b.

Have a go

Q1. Simplify 7x+2x7x + 2x.

Q2. Simplify 6m4m+3n+2n6m - 4m + 3n + 2n.

Q3. Simplify 4x+32x+74x + 3 - 2x + 7.

Q4. Simplify 8p3q+2p+5qp8p - 3q + 2p + 5q - p.